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    • 专利摘要:
    Method (1000) for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle, wherein the following method steps are carried out: - generating (1010) a light beam through at least one light source, - emitting (1020) the light beam in the direction of an optoelectronic device, - selecting (1030) an in light distribution stored in a data memory, - acquiring (1040) an ambient temperature to a temperature parameter, and / or a precipitation to a precipitation intensity parameter and / or a precipitation parameter, - determining (1050) the temperature, precipitation intensity, precipitation parameter as at least one parameter, Defining (1060) an overlay function from the at least one parameter; overlaying (1070) the light distribution with the overlay function into a light matrix, driving the optoelectronic component through the light matrix by means of the output unit, modulating (1090) irradiated light beam through the optoelectronic component and at least partially reflecting the light beam in the direction of at least one projection optics, - projecting (1100) of the modulated light beam through the at least one projection optics and forming a light image in front of the vehicle.
    公开号:AT519595A1
    申请号:T50129/2017
    申请日:2017-02-16
    公开日:2018-08-15
    发明作者:jungwirth Thomas；Reinprecht Markus
    申请人:Zkw Group Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle
    The invention relates to a method for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle.
    In addition, the invention relates to a device for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle headlight, in which the method steps according to the invention are executable.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to an assembly for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle headlight, in which the method steps according to the invention are executable.
    In the development of the current headlamp systems is increasingly the desire in the foreground to project a high-resolution as possible on the road surface, which can be quickly changed and adapted to the respective traffic, road and lighting conditions. The term "roadway" is used here for a simplified representation, because of course it depends on the local conditions, whether a photo is actually on the roadway or even extends beyond.In principle, the photograph in the sense used here by means of a projection on a Furthermore, the generated light image should be adaptable to different traffic situations according to the relevant standards, which relate to the automotive lighting technology.
    Among other things, headlamps have been developed in which a variably controllable reflector surface is formed from a plurality of micromirrors and reflects on selected regions a light emission which is generated by a light source unit in the emission direction of the headlamp. Such lighting devices are advantageous in vehicle because of their very flexible lighting functions, since the illumination intensity can be controlled individually for different lighting areas and any light functions can be realized with different light distributions, such as a low beam light distribution, a cornering light distribution, a city light distribution, a Highway light distribution, a cornering light
    Light distribution, a Femlicht-light distribution, a Zusatzfemlicht-light distribution or for the formation of glare-free high beam (also known as Adaptive Driving Beam Headlighting System, ADB). For the micromirror arrangement, the so-called Digital Light Processing (DLP®) projection technology is used, in which images are generated by modulating a digital image onto a light beam. In this case, the light beam is divided into subregions by a rectangular arrangement of movable micromirrors, also referred to as pixels, and then reflected pixelwise either into the projection path or out of the projection path. The basis for this technique is an electronic component which contains an array of mirrors in the form of a matrix of mirrors and their driving technique and is referred to as "Digital Micromirror Device" (DMD) A DMD microsystem is a surface light modulator (Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), which consists of matrix-like micro-mirror actuators, that is, tiltable mirror surfaces, for example with an edge length of about 16 pm or even below, the mirror surfaces being designed to be movable by the action of electrostatic fields individually adjustable in its tilt angle and usually has two stable end states, between which can be changed within a second up to 5000. The individual micromirrors can each be controlled, for example, by a pulse width modulation (PWM) to in the main beam direction of DMD arrangement w depicting later states of the micromirrors whose time-averaged reflectivity lies between the two stable states of the DMD. The number of mirrors corresponds to the resolution of the projected image, where a mirror can represent one or more pixels. Meanwhile, DMD chips with high resolutions in the megapixel range are available. The underlying technology for adjustable mirrors is Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. While the DMD technology has two stable mirror states, and by modulating between both stable states, the reflection factor can be set, the "Analog Micromirror Device" (AMD) technology has the property that the individual mirrors can be set in variable mirror positions. which are each in a stable state.
    In a first aspect, unwanted effects can occur when driving with a vehicle due to the influence of the weather, in that emitted headlight light in the area immediately in front of the vehicle is reflected back to precipitation, such as raindrops or snowflakes, towards the driver of the vehicle, for example can lead to visual irritation of the eye, which can lead to fatigue and even dazzling the driver.
    One solution to reduce this interfering effect is described in "Programmable Automotive Headlights", R. Tamburo, E. Nurvitadhi, A. Chugh, M. Chen, A. Rowe, T. Kanade and SG Narasimhan, European Conference of Computer Vision (ECCV). , 2014, or "Fast Reactive Illumination through Rain and Snow," R. de Charette, R. Tamburo, P. Bamum, A. Rowe, T. Kanade, and SG Narasimhan, IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography (ICCP), April 2012, proposed. The technically complex and sophisticated solutions is in each case a considerable effort in the realization of complex calculation methods and the required for this powerful computer hardware, which can lead to very high costs for development, production, installation and maintenance, additional high space requirements within the vehicle may lead to a higher vehicle weight and, moreover, may have a negative impact on fuel or energy consumption.
    In a second aspect, headlamps based on DMD technology may have a limited life, which is often associated with high temperature sensitivity of DMD technology.
    It is an object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages mentioned.
    The object is achieved by a method of the aforementioned type in that the following method steps are carried out: generating a light beam through at least one light source; emitting the light beam in the direction of an optoelectronic component which forms a controllable arrangement of a plurality of individually adjustable optoelectronic elements a two-dimensional matrix comprises, - selecting a light distribution stored in a data memory, by means of a
    Selection unit and retrieval of the light distribution from the data storage, - detecting - an ambient temperature to a temperature parameter, and / or - a precipitation to a precipitation intensity parameter and / or a
    Precipitation parameter, and / or - a vehicle speed to a speed parameter, - determining the temperature, precipitation intensity, precipitation quantity and / or speed parameters as at least one parameter, - defining a superimposition function - the at least one parameter, and - a duty cycle in the control and modulating the mirrors of the optoelectronic component, and - superimposing the superposition function on the light distribution to form a light matrix, - driving the optoelectronic component through the light matrix by means of the light matrix
    Output unit, preferably after a conversion of the light matrix into a corresponding video signal, modulating the irradiated light beam through the optoelectronic component, and at least partially reflecting the light beam in the direction of at least one projection optics, projecting the modulated light beam through the at least one
    Projection optics, and forming a Lichtbüds in front of the vehicle.
    By the method according to the invention it is achieved that when driving with a vehicle when using Fahrzeugschein wertem under the influence of weather a better visual impression for the driver of the vehicle occurs. In other words, eye fatigue or dazzling of the driver can be significantly reduced by reflecting significantly less emitted headlight in the area immediately in front of the vehicle to precipitation, such as raindrops or snowflakes, back towards the driver of the vehicle. Compared to the prior art, we achieved this under considerably less effort than previously known. Consequently, there are great advantages in terms of development, production, assembly and maintenance costs.
    In addition, the space requirements within the vehicle and the vehicle weight can be reduced, which can have favorable effects on the fuel or energy consumption of the motor vehicle.
    In another aspect, if the average operating temperature is too high, single or multiple micromirror failures may result. One effect that occurs in this context is the so-called Hinge Memory Effect (HME), which adversely affects the life of a DMD device 1234. Table 1 shows the effect of duty cycle and operating temperature on the lifetime affected by the HME It can be seen that temperatures above about 70 ° C should be avoided and the duty cycle should be chosen accordingly.
    In Table 1, the following terms are used for certain ranges of average life of a DMD device as determined by the HME:
    Very long:> 4,000 hours
    Long: 2,001 - 4,000 hours
    Medium: 1,000 - 2,000 hours
    Short: <1.000 hours For temperatures TI - T9 the following relationship exists:
    1 M.R. Douglass, "Lifetime Estimates and Unique Failure Mechanisms of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD)", 36th Annual International Reliability Physics Symposium, Reno, Nevada (1998) 2 A.B. Sontheimer, "Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Hinge Memory Lifetime Reliability Modeling", 40th Annual International Reliability Physics Symposium, Dallas, Texas (2002) 3 A.B. Sontheimer, "Effects of Operating Conditions on DMD Hinge Memory Lifetime", 41st Annual International Reliability Physics Symposium, Dallas, Texas (2003) 4 S.J. Jacobs et al., "Hermicity and Sücüon in MEMS Packaging," 40th Annual International Reliability Physics Symposium, Dallas, Texas (2002)
    Table V. Life by Hinge Memory Effect (HME)
    The HME is dependent on the duty cycle of the micromirrors, the duty cycle being defined by Equations 1 and 2. The duty cycle is the ratio of switched on to off, that is, between a first micromirror position and a second micromirror position.
    (Equation 1) (Equation 2) where / ... switching frequency of the micromirrors, h ... image height, hp ... pixel height, pv ... number of pixels in the vertical direction, vs ... speed of the disturbing object (precipitation element) ,
    Especially when using DMD components in the automotive environment, a DMD component can be strongly heated by very strong and bright light sources and / or by high ambient temperatures. It is advantageous in the design of a cooling concept to consider the duty cycle of the DMD component. As a result, headlamps which use the method according to the invention can have a significantly longer service life.
    It is particularly advantageous if the method is further developed by overlaying the light distribution with the overlay function to the light matrix by associating each element of the overlay function with an element of light distribution and transforming them by a transfer function, the transfer function preferably being an operation corresponds to a multiplication or addition. As a result, the overlay function can be realized in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner. There is no need for complex calculations requiring, for example, a floating-point arithmetic unit that would unnecessarily increase system complexity and cost. Basically, as a transfer function, a more complex operation or function is possible, wherein the overlay function comprises a function inverse or complementary to the transfer function to modify, that is to reduce, eliminate or in the light matrix certain areas in their respective amount when performing the operation in the light matrix to increase. In addition, matrix filters known from image processing can also be used in order, for example, to make certain details in the light matrix more pronounced or sharper. In this context, two elements associated with one another are in each case an element of an overlay function, and in each case one element of a light distribution, which are both located at the same location, for example the same pixel in a light matrix.
    According to the invention, the number of those elements of the light matrix whose values are essentially zero after the transformation is between 30% and 70%, preferably between 40% and 60%, particularly preferably between 45% and 55% of the total number of elements of the light matrix. This choice ensures that the desired illumination by a corresponding headlamp meets the lighting requirements for the ride, and also a significant portion of precipitation elements is not illuminated, whereby unwanted reflections can be reduced.
    The values of the elements of the light matrix that are substantially nonzero after the transformation are, according to the invention, greater in their magnitude than the amounts of the associated values in the light distribution. It is thereby achieved that the overall illumination, that is to say the average value of the luminous pixels and the non-luminous pixels, emits the same average brightness by a headlight according to the invention at a defined reference distance as a conventional headlight. The value of the respective element is substantially zero if it is significantly below the original brightness reference value of the same element, namely that of full-surface illumination. In other words, the value is analogously zero, for example, if it is 50% or even 10% below the brightness reference value.
    Between the number of those elements of the light matrix whose values are essentially zero after the transformation and the duty cycle, there is a relationship in that all elements are averaged over time and radiating surface (measured in a plane transverse to the illumination direction of the vehicle headlamp within a distance) the visible range in front of the vehicle, preferably in a range between 1 m and 5 m in front of the vehicle, particularly preferably in a range between 1 m and 50 m in front of the vehicle) should produce the same brightness as a conventional headlight.
    It is particularly advantageous if the overlay function comprises a static projection pattern. This results in a particularly simple and particularly cost-effective implementation possibility. In this case, the static projection pattern may preferably have a strip-shaped pattern, which is vertically oriented in rows, columns horizontally or obliquely as a projected light image of a light distribution in front of the vehicle, or a checkerboard-like pattern or a uniformly distributed random pattern.
    The pattern size of the projection pattern is dimensioned to correspond, for example, to the average size of the precipitation elements at a viewing distance in front of the vehicle. Usually, the viewing distance of the precipitation elements, in which disturbing optical reflections occur, in about 1 m to 10 m.
    Since precipitation elements appear statistically approximately equally distributed in appearance, it is advantageous if the projection pattern is also uniformly verteüt. A uniform projection pattern is, for example, a checkerboard pattern in which the horizontal and vertical sections or patterns repeat approximately at equal intervals.
    It is favorable if the determination of the overlay function comprises at least one prediction function which comprises a trajectory of a predicted trajectory of a hypothetical, falling precipitation element in the field of vision in front of the vehicle. In this case, the trajectory is calculated from the parameter and the trajectory is defined in each of its function values along its course in each case by a course vector. If the determination of the projection pattern, that is to say the overlay function, is based on the trajectories or trajectories of individual or several precipitation elements, a particularly favorable optical effect on the driver's human eye is achieved.
    In one embodiment of the invention, it proves to be particularly advantageous if a time-dependent modulation function, which is defined by a modulation source, is determined along the trajectory. Time intervals determine the repetition rate of the modulation function and the abscissa of the modulation function extends locally along the trajectory. Preferably, this is superimposed by pointwise multiplication and thereby the overlay function is formed in the form of a light modulation function. As a result according to the invention, a very pleasant visual impression of the method is achieved for the observer, in that a possible stroboscopic effect can be reduced. This effect can occur when moving objects are pulsed in time and when the pulse sequence has such a long period of time that the human eye can perceive it. In addition, the stroboscopic effect can be further reduced by making the transitions between the extreme values of the modulation function not discrete, but more or less gentle. In any case, care should be taken that the switching frequency of the micromirrors is chosen to be sufficiently large to allow the human eye as little as possible to be fatigued by a possible flicker effect of the projected light image.
    To further improve the visual impression on the observer, it is advantageous if, in the superimposition of the overlay function with the light distribution, the magnitude of a function value of the light modulation function at a first location of the trajectory at a first time, the magnitude of a function value of the light modulation function at a second location Trajectory corresponds to a previous, second time. The second place is located in the place to which the first vector points in the first vector. This gives an impression of a fluid movement of the light modulation function along the trajectory, which can be perceived as pleasant.
    In order to keep the calculation effort for the trajectory particularly low, it is advantageous for low costs in the realization if the trajectory is predicated on a linear prediction.
    A visually appealing effect by a particularly natural-looking appearance for the viewer is achieved when the trajectory each has a beginning and one end, the beginning of an imaginary horizontal line is located. The line is located in an area that corresponds to an upper area of a vehicle-formed light image, preferably the upper boundary of the formed light image and there has the first trajectory of the trajectory and the trajectory further horizontally laterally and / or vertically down to the end runs.
    A cost-effective implementation is possible if the at least one light modulation function is an input / output modulation, which is preferably subdivided into equally long time intervals.
    In order to make the visual effect particularly appealing to the viewer, it is favorable if the at least one light modulation function is a substantially sinusoidal modulation, which is preferably subdivided into equally long time intervals. In this context, a substantially sinusoidal modulation means that the course of the modulation need not exactly correspond to a sine function, but may also have a sinusoidal profile, such as composite half-arcs. The beneficial effect is a smooth transition between a luminous and a non-luminous image area.
    In addition, it is advantageous to produce a favorable optical effect for the observer when the light modulation function can be formed from a time-dependent two-dimensional function, in particular from a polynomial, wherein the function value of the polynomial in magnitude and slope in the intersections of at least one cut trajectory essentially corresponds to the function value of the normals of the trajectories at the same time in magnitude and slope. This can create a visually pleasing impression for the viewer. In this context, a substantial correspondence of both function values in magnitude and slope means that, for example, by using an interpolation function, the magnitude and the slope can be adjusted to achieve an improved curve of a polynomial, for example with respect to a lower order of the polynomial, resulting in a reduced computational effort in the calculation of the polynomial can lead.
    The visual effect for the viewer can be further improved by using approximation functions, preferably spline or Bezier interpolations, to determine the polynomials.
    It is advantageous if the polynomials have at most a degree of two in order to keep the effort for their calculation low.
    A particularly homogeneous impression of the viewer's visual effect is achieved when the size of pattern details that are intended to illuminate or not even illuminate snowflakes or raindrops, for example, depends on the parameter in the projection pattern as measured in a plane transverse to the illuminating direction of the vehicle headlamp within the field of vision in front of the vehicle.
    The distance is preferably in a range between 1 m and 5 m in front of the vehicle, more preferably in a range between 1 m and 50 m in front of the vehicle.
    The parameter preferably corresponds to the precipitation parameter and is more preferably at least a factor of three larger than the precipitation parameter.
    The object is also achieved by a device according to the invention for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle, in particular a headlight, in which said method steps are executable.
    In a device according to the invention, it is favorable if the controllable arrangement of a plurality of individually adjustable optoelectronic elements of the optoelectronic component is set up to be controlled with a switching frequency which depends on the parameter, the switching frequency preferably being between 100 Hz and 1500 Hz. Within the limits mentioned, components are commercially available, so that a cost-effective implementation can be achieved. The lower border ensures a flicker-free image for the viewer.
    In addition, it is favorable if the duty cycle is adjusted in dependence on a desired operating temperature of the optoelectronic component so that it is greater than or equal to the value 0.5. This can lead to a particularly long service life of the optoelectronic component being achieved, which is particularly important for applications in the automotive sector.
    In addition, it is advantageous if a means for detecting the ambient temperature, a temperature sensor of the vehicle or a telecommunications means for receiving a temperature value, which is determined for the geographical location of the vehicle, preferably by an electronic service, and provided by the electronic service is included ,
    Furthermore, it is favorable if a means for detecting the precipitation is a rain sensor, for example of a vehicle windshield wiper system or a video-based camera system of a vehicle, preferably a driver assistance system.
    Moreover, it is favorable if a means for detecting the vehicle speed is a tachometer of a vehicle or a video-based camera system of a vehicle, preferably a driver assistance system.
    It is particularly advantageous if the optoelectronic component is a DMD digital micromirror device, since commercial components are available, so that a cost-effective implementation can be achieved.
    It is particularly advantageous if the light source comprises at least one light emitting diode, preferably a high current or power LED, or at least one laser diode. This allows an efficient design and small size of the device can be achieved.
    A further development of the invention forms an assembly comprising at least one aforementioned device, wherein the assembly forms a headlight component which can be mounted in a vehicle. The assembly may further include, for example, a headlight housing and is mountable in a vehicle. Thus, a simple assembly and maintenance of the device is ensured in a vehicle.
    The invention and its advantages are described in more detail below with reference to non-limiting exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The drawings show in
    1 shows a method according to the invention,
    2 is a side view of a vehicle with precipitation and conventional headlights,
    3 is a side view of the vehicle with precipitation and a headlight according to the invention,
    4 is a detail view of the field of view with marked segments in the illumination according to the invention,
    5 shows a detailed view of the field of view with illumination segmented according to the invention,
    6 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a device of a vehicle headlamp according to the invention,
    7 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a device of a vehicle headlamp according to the invention,
    8 is a front view of an optoelectronic device with an enlarged detail of contained opto-electronic elements,
    9 is a block diagram of a vehicle headlight according to the invention,
    10 is a snapshot of precipitation in front of a stationary vehicle from the perspective of the driver,
    11 is a snapshot of precipitation in front of a moving vehicle from the perspective of the driver,
    12 is a functional diagram of a vehicle headlight according to the invention,
    13 is a timing diagram for driving micromirrors,
    14 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an overlay function,
    15 shows a second embodiment of an overlay function,
    16 shows an optoelectronic component with a third exemplary embodiment of an overlay function at a first time,
    17 shows the optoelectronic component according to FIG. 16 at a second time, FIG.
    18 shows the optoelectronic component according to FIG. 16 in an enlarged image detail, FIG.
    FIG. 19 shows an optoelectronic component with a cell-like overlay function at a first time as a fourth exemplary embodiment, FIG.
    FIG. 20 shows the optoelectronic component with the cell-like overlay function according to FIG. 19 at a second time. FIG.
    With reference to FIGS. 1 to 20, exemplary embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail. In particular, important parts are shown for the invention in a vehicle headlamp, it being understood that a vehicle headlamp contains many other parts, not shown, which allow a meaningful use in a vehicle itself. For clarity, therefore, for example, the control electronics, other mechanical elements or brackets of the vehicle headlight are not shown.
    1 shows an inventive method 1000 for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle. The following method steps are carried out: generating 1010 of a light beam by at least one light source 2,12, emitting 1020 of the light beam in the direction of an optoelectronic component 7, 17, the controllable arrangement of a plurality of individually adjustable optoelectronic elements 8 in the form of a two-dimensional matrix comprises selecting 1030 a light distribution 20, 21, 22 stored in a data memory 10 by means of a selection unit 15 and retrieving the light distribution 20 from the data memory 10, detecting 1040 an ambient temperature 55 to a temperature parameter 51, and / or precipitation 56 to a precipitation intensity parameter 52 and / or a precipitation quantity parameter 53, and / or a vehicle speed 57 to a speed parameter 52, determining 1050 the temperature 51, precipitation intensity 52,
    Precipitation parameter 53 and / or velocity parameter 54 as at least one parameter 50, - define 1060 an overlay function 71 from the - at least one parameter 50, and - a duty cycle 69 in the control and modulation of the mirror of the optoelectronic device 7,17, and - overlay 1070 of the light distribution 20 with the overlay function 71 to a
    Light matrix 80, - Driving 1080 of the optoelectronic component 7,17 through the light matrix 80 by means of the output unit 6, after converting the light matrix 80 into a corresponding video signal 81, - modulating 1090 of the incident light beam through the optoelectronic
    Component 7,17 and at least partially reflecting the light beam in the direction of at least one projection optics 4,14, - projecting 1100 of the modulated light beam through the at least one
    Projection optics 4.14 and forming a light image in front of the vehicle.
    2 shows a vehicle with headlamps in a side view, wherein precipitation, for example by precipitation elements in the form of raindrops or snowflakes, can be seen.
    In Fig. 3, a vehicle with headlights is shown in a side view, wherein a region "Detail A" is shown, in which light can be reflected by the precipitation elements, which can adversely affect the driver's view in the direction of travel, such as by a opüsche Irritation of the eye, which can lead to fatigue and even dazzling the driver.
    FIG. 4 shows an enlarged detail A of FIG. 3 and illustrates a lighting device of a vehicle, which carries out the method according to the invention, with light segments drawn in. By means of a projection system, light is radiated line by line and the light is alternately switched dark by the projection system. In this embodiment, a horizontally oriented stripe pattern is shown. The light intensity of the luminous lines is approximately twice as bright as that in the case that no fringe pattern is formed by the projection system, ie in a continuously lit system or vehicle headlights. The average brightness, measured in a plane transverse to the illumination direction of the vehicle headlight at a distance within the field of vision in front of the vehicle, preferably in a range between 1 m and 5 m in front of the vehicle, more preferably in a range between 1 m and 50 m before the Vehicle can thus be the same size for the headlight according to the invention, as in a conventional headlight.
    Fig. 5 illustrates the technical effect of the inventive method of FIG. 1 enlarged in detail A, wherein the non-illuminated precipitation elements are not shown. It can be seen that the illuminated precipitation elements are significantly reduced in number, for example, when only 50% of the luminous area of a headlamp glow, by a uniform stripe pattern is superimposed. For example, to achieve the same brightness in comparison with a conventional headlight, the luminous intensity of the luminous strip-shaped region is twice as strong as the comparable regions of a conventional headlight.
    The overlaying of the light distribution 20 with the overlay function 71 to the light matrix 80 takes place by associating each element of the overlay function 71 with an element of the light distribution 20 and is transformed by a transfer function. The transfer function corresponds to an operation of multiplication. The number of those elements of the light matrix 80 whose values are substantially zero after the transformation is between 30% and 70%, preferably between 40% and 60%, particularly preferably between 45% and 55% of the total number of elements of the light matrix 80. The values of the elements of the light matrix 80 which are substantially nonzero after the transformation are each greater in magnitude than the magnitudes of the associated values in the light distribution 20. In this context, two elements associated with one another are understood as meaning one element in each case Overlay function, as well as one element each
    Light distribution, both in the same location, for example, the same pixel of a light matrix 80 are located.
    The value of the respective element is substantially zero if it is significantly below the original reference value of the same element, namely that of full-surface illumination. In other words, the value is analogously zero, for example, if it is 50% or even 10% below the reference value.
    The overlay function 71 may include a static projection pattern, such as a stripe-shaped pattern oriented line by line, column-wise or obliquely, or a checkered pattern or evenly distributed random pattern.
    It is also possible that the selected projection pattern is switched during operation in order to achieve different lighting effects, which are perceived in the respective driving situation as pleasant as possible for the human eye of the driver. The parameter can also dynamically adjust the respective projection pattern. This means that, for example, the line spacing can be adapted dynamically to the current requirements.
    6 shows a first embodiment of an assembly according to the invention or a device according to the invention in the form of a vehicle headlight 1. In this example, the vehicle headlight 1 comprises a light source 2, a primary optic 3, a projection optics 4 and an optoelectronic component 7, and a drive unit 9 Light source 2, which may contain, for example, a light-emitting diode or power LED and the primary optics 3 for focusing a light beam, is set up to illuminate the optoelectronic component 7. A headlight component of the assembly, which has the device according to the invention and, for example, a headlight housing, is not shown.
    The optoelectronic component 7 may comprise a plurality of optoelectronic elements 8 arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. In this first embodiment, the optoelectronic elements 8 are individually controllable micromirrors, in which the reflection effect of each individual element of the matrix is variably adjustable, for example a DMD.
    The optoelectronic component 7 can reflect the incident light in the direction of a projection optical system 4, wherein the controlled matrix elements individually adjust their reflection factor by modulation of the angles of the micromirrors and modulate a desired light distribution onto the incident light beam. The projection optics 4 is oriented in the emission direction of the vehicle headlight 1 and thus produces the desired light distribution in front of the vehicle.
    The control of the optoelectronic component 7 is carried out by the drive unit 9, in which a desired light distribution can be calculated and output to the required control of the optoelectronic elements 8 in the form of control signals to the optoelectronic component 7.
    Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment of an assembly according to the invention or a device according to the invention in the form of a Fahrzugscheinwerfers 11. A light source 12, for example, a light emitting diode, high-current LED power LED or a laser diode and a primary optics 13 for focusing of the light source 12 may contain outgoing light beam is adapted to illuminate an optoelectronic device 17. A headlight housing of the module is not shown.
    The optoelectronic component 17 comprises a plurality of optoelectronic elements arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. In this second embodiment, the optoelectronic elements 8 are individually controllable translucent elements, in which the light transmission effect of each individual element of the matrix is variably adjustable, for example an LCD.
    The optoelectronic component 17 can transmit the incident light in the direction of a projection optical system 14, wherein the controlled matrix elements individually adjust their light transmission and modulate a desired light distribution onto the incident light beam. The projection optics 14 is oriented in the emission direction of the vehicle headlight 11 and thus produces the desired light distribution in front of the vehicle.
    The control of the optoelectronic component 17 is effected by the drive unit 19, in which a light distribution can be calculated and the necessary control of the optoelectronic elements, for example the pixels of an LCD, are output to the optoelectronic component 17 in the form of control signals
    In addition to the variants of the optoelectronic component 7, 17 shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, it is of course also possible to use other technologies which enable a corresponding modulation of the light. For the sake of completeness, LCoS systems LCoS, "Liquid Crystal on Silicon" are therefore also mentioned.
    The modulation of the light allows a segmentation of the light distribution on the road, that is, the light distribution projected onto the roadway can be controlled individually for different solid angles. For a light image projected on a roadway, the number of segments that can be controlled individually by a vehicle headlight according to the invention is important in order to generate light distributions that are individually adapted for different driving situations. The number of these segments depends, for example, on the number of micromirrors and is, for example, 854 × 480 micromirrors or pixels in a rectangular matrix arrangement.
    If two headlights are used for vehicles, the segments can be strung together and the number of segments doubled. Usually, in the installation position of the vehicle headlamp more segments in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction are needed. For this reason, in practice, the light distributions segmented by the optoelectronic components are frequently strung together by two vehicle headlights on the short sides of the matrix arrangement, thus doubling the horizontal resolution.
    It is also possible to overlap or overlap two or more light distributions completely or even partially, in order, for example, to achieve greater contrast in office areas.
    FIG. 8 shows an example of an optoelectronic component 7 in the form of a DMD in front view. An enlarged image section shows optoelectronic elements 8 arranged in matrix form, which comprise individually controllable micromirrors, in which example every second micromirror is tilted.
    9 shows an exemplary embodiment of an electrical block diagram of a device according to the invention for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle, in this example a vehicle headlight 1 according to FIG. 6, which is suitable for carrying out the method 1000 according to the invention. A microprocessor 900, an output unit 6, a data memory 10, a sensor device 920 and further vehicle electronic devices or adapters 930 are connected to one another via a CAN bus 910. An output unit 6 controls the optoelectronic component 7.
    The controllable arrangement of a plurality of individually adjustable optoelectronic elements 8 of the optoelectronic component 7 is set up to be driven with a switching frequency which depends on the parameter 50, wherein the switching frequency is preferably between 100 Hz and 1500 Hz.
    The duty cycle 69 is for example set so that it is greater than or equal to the value 0.5 depending on a desired operating temperature of the optoelectronic component 7.
    An ambient temperature sensing means 55 may be a temperature sensor of the vehicle. Alternatively, the means may also be telecommunication means for receiving a temperature value determined for the geographic location of the vehicle by an electronic service and provided by the electronic service.
    A means for detecting the precipitate 56 may be a rain sensor of a vehicle windshield wiper system or a video-based camera system of a vehicle, for example a driver assistance system.
    A means for detecting the vehicle speed 57 may be a tachometer of a vehicle or a video-based camera system of a vehicle, preferably a driver assistance system.
    The optoelectronic component 7 is a DMD digital micromirror device in this exemplary embodiment.
    The light source 2 may comprise one or more light-emitting diodes, for example in each case a high-current or power LED, or else one or more laser diodes.
    Furthermore, at least the at least one light source 2, the at least one projection optics 4 and the optoelectronic component 7 form a headlight component which can be mounted in a vehicle, wherein at least one headlight component can be mounted in a vehicle.
    FIG. 10 shows a snapshot of precipitation in front of a stationary vehicle as seen by the driver, in FIG. 11 a snapshot of precipitation in front of a moving vehicle as seen by the driver. It can be seen that the precipitation elements follow a trajectory, that is, a trajectory, depending on the vehicle speed. The trajectory also depends on the nature of the precipitation elements, ie raindrops or snowflakes. The nature of the precipitation elements depends on the temperature outside the vehicle, at temperatures below freezing snowflakes form, as is well known.
    In the method according to the invention according to the functional diagram of FIG. 12, a particularly favorable optical effect for the driver's eye can be achieved if the determination of overlay function 71 is at least by a prediction function 31, 32, 33, 34 by means of a trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410 a predicted trajectory of a hypothetical, falling precipitation element in the field of vision in front of the vehicle takes place. In this case, the at least one trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410 is calculated from the parameter 50. The trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410 is defined in each of its function values along its course in each case by a course vector 115, 116.
    In addition, it is particularly advantageous for the driver's eye to have an optical effect if a time-dependent modulation function 40 defined by a modulation source 45 is determined along each trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410. Time intervals 46 determine the repetition rate of the modulation function 40, as shown in FIG. 13. The abscissa 41 of the modulation function 40 extends locally along the respective trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410 and is superimposed by pointwise multiplication and forms a respective overlay function 71 in the form of a light modulation function 61. In this exemplary embodiment, the at least one light modulation function 61 is shown in time intervals 46, each of equal length, is an input / output modulation.
    In Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 it can be seen how the light modulation function 61 can be formed.
    When the respective light modulation function 61 is superposed with the light distribution 20, the magnitude of a function value of the respective light modulation function 61 at a first location 101 of the respective trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410 at a first time 47 corresponds to the magnitude of a function value of the respective light modulation function 61 at a second location 102 of the respective trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410 at a previous, second time 48. The second location 102 is located at the location to which the history vector 115, 116 in the first location 101 at the first time 47 points.
    In this case, the at least one trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410 may be predicted by a linear prediction in order to keep the computational complexity low.
    The at least one trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410 each has a beginning 111, 211 and an end 112, 212, respectively. The beginning 111, 211 is located on an imaginary horizontal line 100, which can be seen in FIG. The line 100 is located in an area that corresponds to an upper area of a vehicle-formed light image and the upper boundary of the formed light image and there has a first gradient vector of the at least one trajectory, and the at least one trajectory 110, 210, 310, 410 extends further horizontally laterally and / or vertically down to the end 112, 212. Gradient vectors 115,116 at later times 47, 48 can be seen in the figure.
    In an alternative embodiment, not shown, the modulation function 61, which is subdivided into respectively equal time intervals 46, may be a substantially sinusoidal modulation.
    The light modulation function 61 can be formed, for example, by a time-dependent two-dimensional function or a polynomial 510, 610, 710, wherein the function value of the polynomial 510 in magnitude and slope in the points of intersection with the trajectories 110, 210, 310 and 410 substantially corresponds to the functional value of the normals 120, 220, 320, 420 of the trajectories 110, 210, 310 and 410 at the same instant 100 in magnitude and slope. At each subsequent time, a new polynomial is determined.
    For example, a polynomial 510, 610, 710 may be mathematically represented by a power series, which in turn may be graphically illustrated in accordance with the representations of a curve in the figures.
    In order to minimize the effort for determining the polynomials 510, 610, 710, a limited number of trajectories 110, 210, 310, 410 can be used to determine the polynomials 510, 610, 710 and the polynomials can be used by approximation functions, for example by splines. or Bezier interpolations. Approximation functions are suitable in this embodiment to describe polynomials. The approximation functions, in turn, themselves can be mathematically described by polynomials. In practice, multiple polynomials can often be formed to achieve the desired effect.
    The light modulation function 61 can be applied not only to the trajectories 110, 210, 310, 410, but also to the polynomials 510, 610, 710. In this case, it is not necessary to determine a large number of trajectories, but it may be a reduced number be used on trajectories to determine polynomials that are associated with a light modulation function. Consequently, along a polynomial 510, 610, 710, the same adjustment of the mirrors 8 of an electro-optical component 7 takes place in order to produce a light intensity in the projection direction of the vehicle headlight 1. Accordingly, the modulation function 40 can be applied to different trajectories 110, 210, 310, 410 in various ways. From this context, it is clear that the modulation function 40 can be transformed to the trajectories 110, 210, 310, 410 by transforming the modulation function 40, for example, to the different lengths of the individual paths of the trajectories 110, 210, 310, 410.
    In this context, the above-mentioned coincidence in the polynomial 510 and the normal 120 to the trajectory 110 in magnitude and slope means that it is substantially within limits that facilitate the determination of a polynomial by reduction to a low-order polynomial. The use of a polynomial with at most second degree is advantageous.
    By slope in a point of a function or curve is meant the amount of the first derivative of the function at that point according to the mathematical analysis.
    The size of pattern details in the projection pattern or in the overlay function, for example, in a plane transverse to the direction of illumination of the vehicle headlamp at a distance within the field of vision in front of the vehicle, preferably in a range between 1 m and 5 m in front of the vehicle, more preferably in a range between 1 m and 50 m in front of the vehicle. In this case, the size may depend on the parameter 50, preferably on the precipitation size parameter 53, and may be greater than the precipitation parameter 53 by at least a factor of three.
    16 shows an enlarged view of the optoelectronic component 7 as a third exemplary embodiment of an overlay function 71 at a first point in time in an image detail. Four trajectories 850, 851, 852, 853 are shown, which are examples of the trajectory of four precipitation elements. It can also be seen how the polynomials 860, 861, 862, which are represented by a position or position of a micromirror of the DMD chip, that is to say the optoelectronic component 7, are reflected in the light in the projection direction of the vehicle headlight. The resolution of the optoelectronic component 7 determines the fineness of the optical representation of the polynomials 860, 861, 862. The line width of the polynomial 860, 861, 862, which is determined transversely to the course of a polynomial, may be determined by the light modulation function.
    FIG. 17 shows the optoelectronic component 7 with the superimposition function 71 according to FIG. 16 at a second time, likewise as an enlarged illustration of an image detail. The
    Polynomials 870, 871, 872 are determined on the four trajectories 850, 851, 852, 853 at the second time.
    FIG. 18 shows an enlarged view of the optoelectronic component 7 with the overlay function 71 according to FIG. 16 in an enlarged image section as a further exemplary embodiment of a heterodyning function. The polynomials 860, 861, 862 can be seen running parallel due to the selected image detail.
    FIG. 19 shows the optoelectronic component 7 with a linear overlay function 71 as a fourth exemplary embodiment at a first point in time. The polynomials 880, 881, 882 are due to the parameter 50, here, for example, as a vehicle speed equal to zero, as parallel, horizontally oriented stripe pattern recognizable.
    FIG. 20 shows the optoelectronic component 7 with a line-shaped superposition function according to FIG. 19 at a second point in time. The polynomials 880, 881 can be seen running parallel. This is to illustrate that the horizontally oriented fringe pattern causes a downwardly moving effect in time.
    List of reference numbers: 1, 11 Vehicle headlights 2, 12 Light source 3, 13 Primary optics 4, 14 Projection optics 5 Control device 6 Output unit 7, 17 Optoelectronic component 8 Optoelectronic element 9, 19 Control unit 10 Data memory 15 Selection unit 20, 21, 22 Light distribution 30 Entity of the prediction functions 31, 32, 33, 34 Prediction function 35 Prediction unit 40 Modulation function 41 Abscess of modulation function 45 Modulation source 46 Time interval 47 First time 48 Second time 50 Parameters 51 Temperature parameters 52 Precipitation intensity parameter 53 Precipitation parameter 54 Velocity parameter 55 Means for detecting an ambient temperature 56 means for detecting a precipitation 57 means for detecting a vehicle speed 60 modulator 61 light modulation function 69 duty 70 superposition unit 71 projection pattern 80 light matrix 81 video signal 100 imaginary line 101 first place 102 second Location 110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853 Trajectory 111, 211 Start of trajectory 112, 212 End of trajectory 115, 116 Trajectory vector 120, 220, 320, 420, 121, 221, 321, 421 Normals 510 , 610, 710, 860, 861, 862, 870, 871, 872, 880, 881, 882 graphical representation of the polynomial 900 microprocessor 910 CAN bus 920 sensor device 930 further vehicle electronic devices or adapters
    权利要求:
    Claims (22)
    [1]
    claims
    A method (1000) for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle, characterized in that the following method steps are carried out: - generating (1010) a light beam through at least one light source (2,12), - emitting (1020) the light beam in the direction of a optoelectronic component (7, 17) comprising a controllable arrangement of a plurality of individually adjustable optoelectronic elements (8) in the form of a two-dimensional matrix, - selections (1030) of a light distribution (20, 21, 22) stored in a data memory (10) by means of a selection unit (15) and retrieving the light distribution (20) from the data memory (10), - detecting (1040) - an ambient temperature (55) to a temperature parameter (51), and / or - a precipitate (56) to a precipitation intensity parameter (52) and / or a precipitation parameter (53), and / or - a vehicle speed (57) to a speed parameter (52), - Bes tapping (1050) the temperature (51), precipitation intensity (52), precipitation magnitude (53) and / or velocity parameters (54) as at least one parameter (50), defining (1060) an overlay function (71) from the at least one parameter (50), and - a duty factor (69) in the control and modulation of the mirrors of the optoelectronic component (7, 17), and - superimposing (1070) the light distribution (20) with the superposition function (71) into a light matrix (80), - driving (1080) the optoelectronic component (7, 17) through the light matrix (80) by means of the output unit (6), - modulating (1090) the incident light beam through the optoelectronic component (7, 17) and at least partially Reflecting the light beam in the direction of at least one projection optics (4,14), - Projecting (1100) of the modulated light beam through the at least one projection optics (4,14) and forming a light image in front of the vehicle.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the superimposition of the light distribution (20) with the superposition function (71) to the light matrix (80) by each element of the overlay function (71) is associated with each of an element of the light distribution (20) and transformed by a transfer function, wherein the transfer function preferably corresponds to an operation of multiplication or addition, wherein the number of those elements of the light matrix (80) whose values are essentially zero after the transformation is between 30% and 70%, preferably between 40 % and 60%, more preferably between 45% and 55% of the total number of elements of the light matrix (80), and the values of the elements of the light matrix (80) which are substantially non-zero after the transformation are larger in magnitude are, as the amounts of the associated values in the light distribution (20).
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the overlay function (71) comprises a static projection pattern, preferably a strip-shaped pattern, which is vertically oriented as a projected light image of the vehicle in front of the vehicle, columns horizontally or obliquely, or a checkerboard-like Pattern or evenly distributed random pattern.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the determination of the overlay function (71) comprises at least one prediction function (31, 32, 33, 34), the a trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) of a predicted flight path in each case of a hypothetical, falling precipitation element in the field of vision in front of the vehicle, wherein the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) is calculated at least from the parameter (50) and the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) in each of its function values along the course of which is defined by a course vector (115, 116).
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that along the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) a time-dependent modulation function (40) by a modulation source (45), at the time intervals ( 46) defines the repetition rate of the modulation function (40), is determined, and the abscissa (41) of the modulation function (40) extends along the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) and preferably pointwise through Multiplication is superimposed and thereby the overlay function (71) is formed.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in the superimposition of the overlay function (71) with the light distribution (20) the amount of a function value of the light modulation function (61) at a first location (101) of the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) at a first time (47), the magnitude of a function value of the light modulation function (61) at a second location (102) of the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851 , 852, 853) at a previous, second time (48), the second location (102) being at the location to which the history vector (115, 116) in the first location (101) points at the first time (47).
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) is predicated by a linear prediction.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) has a beginning (111,211) and an end (112, 212), wherein the start (111, 211) on a horizontal line (100) which is located in an area which corresponds to an upper area of a front-of-vehicle photograph, preferably the upper boundary of the thinned photograph, and there the first vector (115,116) the trajectory, and the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) further horizontally laterally and / or vertically down to the end (112, 212).
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the modulation function (40), which is preferably divided into time intervals (46), which are preferably of equal length, is an input / output modulation.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the modulation function (40), which is preferably divided into time intervals (46), which are preferably of equal length, is a substantially sinusoidal modulation.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that at least one time-dependent two-dimensional function in the form of a polynomial (510, 610, 710, 860, 861, 862, 870, 871, 872) can be formed, wherein the function value of the polynomial (510, 610, 710, 860, 861, 862, 870, 871, 872) in magnitude and slope in the intersections with the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) substantially the function value of the normal (120, 220, 320, 420, 121, 221, 321, 421) to the trajectory (110, 210, 310, 410, 850, 851, 852, 853) at the same time (47, 48) in magnitude and Slope, where the polynomial (510, 610, 710, 860, 861, 862, 870, 871, 872) can be superimposed on the light modulation function (61) at a time (47, 48) and along the course of the polynomial (510 , 610, 710, 860, 861, 862, 870, 871, 872) is superimposed on the same function value of the light modulation function (61) and therefrom the.
    [12]
    12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that for determining the polynomials (510, 610, 710, 860, 861, 862, 870, 871, 872) approximation functions, preferably spline or Bezier interpolations, are used.
    [13]
    13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the polynomials (510, 610, 710, 860, 861, 862, 870, 871, 872) have at most a degree of two.
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that the size of pattern details in the projection pattern, measured in a plane transverse to the direction of illumination of the vehicle headlight at a distance within the field of vision in front of the vehicle, preferably in a range between 1 m and 5 m in front of the vehicle, more preferably in a range between 1 m and 50 m in front of the vehicle on which parameter (50) depends, preferably from the precipitation parameter (53), more preferably by at least a factor of three greater than the precipitation parameter (53) ,
    [15]
    15. Device for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle, in which the method steps according to one of claims 1 to 14 can be executed, comprising a light source (2), a primary optic (3), a projection optic (4), an optoelectronic component (7) , comprising a controllable arrangement of a plurality of individually adjustable optoelectronic elements (8), and a drive unit (9), characterized in that the switching frequency of the controllable arrangement of a plurality of individually adjustable optoelectronic elements (8) of the optoelectronic component (7,17 ) depends on the parameter (50), the switching frequency preferably being between 100 Hz and 1500 Hz.
    [16]
    16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that the duty cycle (69) in response to a desired operating temperature of the optoelectronic component (7,17) is set so that it is greater than or equal to the value 0.5.
    [17]
    17. The apparatus of claim 15 or 16, characterized in that a means for detecting the ambient temperature (55), a temperature sensor of the vehicle or a telecommunications means for receiving a temperature value, which is determined for the geographical location of the vehicle, preferably by an electronic service, and is provided by the electronic service is included.
    [18]
    18. Device according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that a means for detecting the precipitate (56) is a rain sensor of a vehicle windshield wiper system or a video-based camera system of a vehicle, preferably a driver assistance system is included.
    [19]
    19. Device according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that a means for detecting the vehicle speed (57) is a speedometer of a vehicle or a video-based camera system of a vehicle, preferably a driver assistance system is included.
    [20]
    20. Device according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the optoelectronic component (7,17) is a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device).
    [21]
    21. Device according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that the light source (2,12) comprises at least one light emitting diode, preferably a high current or power LED, or at least one laser diode.
    [22]
    22 assembly comprising at least one device according to one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that the assembly forms a vehicle-mounted headlight component.
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    同族专利:
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    WO2018148767A1|2018-08-23|
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50129/2017A|AT519595B1|2017-02-16|2017-02-16|Method and device for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle|ATA50129/2017A| AT519595B1|2017-02-16|2017-02-16|Method and device for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle|
    PCT/AT2018/060028| WO2018148767A1|2017-02-16|2018-01-30|Method and device for generating a light distribution in front of a vehicle|
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